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Notes:

This is not a crack in the sky, but a snag. It highlights how a stand that loses its overstory in a beetle outbreak can take a different trajectory from a stand that experiences a stand-replacement fire. After 50 years, this stand lacks a canopy that would have regenerated following a fire. On the left, a surviving Douglas fir is all that is left of the stand.

"Insect infestations favour succession of late seral species, usually shade tolerant species growing in the understorey; whereas fire removes this component and favours the re-establishment of early, shade intolerant species (Sinton et al. 2000)." From: John Stadt, 2001, B.C. Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection.